Credits
All works by Jacob Lawrence © The Jacob and Gwendolyn Lawrence Foundation, Seattle / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York
Artist Introduction
Alfredo Valente, Jacob Lawrence, 1957. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution; James L. Allen, Lawrence in the space he rented in Charles Alston and Henry Bannarn’s studio at 306 West 141st Street, Harlem, c. 1935. Harmon Foundation Collection, National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland; Carl Van Vechten, Portrait of Jacob Lawrence, 1941. Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, Carl Van Vechten Collection; Peter A. Juley & Son, Jacob Lawrence, Smithsonian American Art Museum
Culture Introduction
John Collier, Bridgeton, New Jersey. FSA (Farm Security Administration) agricultural workers' camp. Children of migrant workers, 1942; Jack Delano, On the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad between Marceline, Missouri, and Argentine, Kansas. Brakemen exchanging highball signs., 1943; Both courtesy Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division, Washington, DC
Migrant Life
Jack Delano, Migratory worker on the Norfolk-Cape Charles Ferry, writing a postcard home to his parents, 1940. Courtesy of Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC
Chronology
Silent Protest parade on Fifth Avenue, New York City, July 28, 1917, in response to the East St. Louis race riot. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, DC; Meta Warrick Fuller, Ethiopia Awakening, 1921, Bronze; 67 x 16 x 20 in. Art and Artifacts Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations; Cover of Harlem: Mecca of the New Negro, the March 1925 issue of Survey Graphic. Courtesy of the Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia.]; Aaron Douglas, Aspects of Negro Life: An Idyll of the Deep South, 1934, Oil on canvas. Art and Artifacts Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations; James Lesesne Wells, Journey to Egypt, 1931, Oil on canvas mounted on cardboard, 13 3/8 x 15 7/8 in. Acquired 1931; Jack Allison, New York, New York, 1938. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, FSA/OWI Collection, LC-DIG-fsa-8e11199; Andrew Herman, Augusta Savage, c. 1938, Photographic print, Federal Art Project, Photographic Division collection, c. 1920–1965, bulk 1935–1942. Archives of American Art; Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. addressing the citizens' committee mass meeting, Washington, DC. November 1942. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, FSA/OWI Collection, LC-USW3-013164-C; Giotto di Bondone, Lamentation: The Mourning of Christ, between 1304–1306 © 2015 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / SOMAAP, Mexico City; Jacob Lawrence, The Eviction, 1935, Tempera on brown paper, 28 7/16 x 38 7/8 in. Jack S. Blanton Museum of Art, The University of Texas at Austin, Michener Acquisitions Fund, 1969; Walker Evans, Untitled, 1935, Gelatin silver print, 10 x 8 in. The Phillips Collection, Gift of Samuel A. Stern; Jacob Lawrence, Infirmary, 1936, Graphite on paper, 9 x 6 in. Spelman College, Atlanta, Georgia, Gift of Catherine and Chauncey Waddell, 1968.1; Jacob Lawrence, The Life of Toussaint L'Ouverture, No. 7: As a child, Toussaint heard the twang of the planter’s whip and saw the blood stream from the bodies of slaves., 1938, Tempera on paper, 11 1/2 x 19 in. Amistad Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Aaron Douglas Collection; “The Chicago Memorial Day Incident,” Photograph. National Archives and Records Administration, cataloged under the ARC Identifier (National Archives Identifier) 306197; Louise Dahl-Wolfe, William Edmondson at work, 1937, Photograph. Elizabeth McCausland papers, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution; Jacob Lawrence, The Life of Frederick Douglass, No. 1. In Talbot County eastern shore, state of Maryland, in a thinly populated worn-out district inhabited by a white population of the lowest order, among slaves who in point of ignorance were fully in accord with their surroundings—it was here that Frederick Douglass was born and spent the first years of his childhood—February 1818, 1939, Casein tempera on hardboard, 12 x 17 7/8 in. Hampton University Museum, Hampton, VA; Robert S. Scurlock, Marian Anderson at Lincoln Memorial: series, #134, April 9, 1939, Cellulose acetate photonegative. AScurlock Studio Records, c. 1905–1994, Archives Center, National Museum of American History; The New York Library's 135th Street brand, 1938. Photographs and Prints Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations; Jacob Lawrence, The Life of Harriet Tubman, No. 10. Harriet Tubman was between twenty and twenty-five years of age at the time of her escape. She was now alone. She turned her face toward the North, and fixing her eyes on the guiding star, she started on her long lonely journey., 1940, Casein tempera on hardboard, 17 7/8 x 12 in. Hampton University Museum, Hampton, VA; The US Navy battleship USS California (BB-44) slowly sinking alongside Ford Island, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (USA), as a result of bomb and torpedo damage, December 7, 1941. The destroyer USS Shaw (DD-373) is burning in the floating dry dock YFD-2 in the left distance. The battleship USS Nevada (BB-36) is beached in the left-center distance. Official US Navy photograph 80-G-32456, now in the collections of the National Archives and Records Administration Still Pictures Unit, Archives II, College Park, MD. Photo citation number remains 80-G-32456. U.S. Navy National Museum of Naval Aviation photo No. 1996.488.029.029; Russell Lee, Boy resting on bed in attic of sharecropper shack. New Madrid County, Missouri, 1938, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, FSA/OWI Collection, LC-DIG-fsa-8b20366; Tuskegee airmen: Front row, left to right: unidentified airman; Jimmie D. Wheeler; Emile G. Clifton, San Francisco, CA, Class 44-B. Standing left to right: Ronald W. Reeves, Washington, DC, Class 44-G; Hiram Mann; Joseph L. “Joe” Chineworth Memphis, TN, Class 44-E; Elwood T. Driver? Los Angeles, CA, Class 44-A; Edward Thomas; Woodrow W. Crockett; at Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945. Photograph. 332nd Fighter Group pilots; Interior Installation photo of The Migration Series at Edith Halpert’s Downtown Gallery, 1941, National Archives, Harmon Foundation Collection; November 1941 issue of Fortune magazine, featuring 26 panels from The Migration of the Negro series by Jacob Lawrence on pages 102-109, Collection of Victoria L. Valentine; Clara E. Sipprell, Duncan Phillips, 1940s, The Phillips Collection Archives; Race Riot of 1943, Image Courtesy of the Village Voice; Horace Pippin, Domino Players, 1943, Oil on composition board 12 3/4 x 22 in. The Phillips Collection, Acquired 1943; Jacob Lawrence at his one-artist exhibition at The Museum of Modern Art, 1944. Photographer unknown. Courtesy of Jacob and Gwendolyn Knight Lawrence; May 7, 1945. From left to right: Major Wilhelm Oxenius, Colonel General Alfred Jodl, Chief of OKW Operation Staff, General admiral Hans-Georg von Friedeburg, Commander-in-Chief of the German navy, Major General Kenneth W. D. Strong, G-2, SHAEF. Location: Reims, France, American Headquarters; Summer Arts Institute Faculty, Black Mountain College, 1946, Left to right: Leo Amino, Jacob Lawrence, Leo Lionni, Ted Dreier, Nora Lionni, Beaumont Newhall, Gwendolyn Lawrence, Ise Gropius, Jean Varda, Nancy Newhall, Walter Gropius, Mary Gregory, Josef Albers, Anni Albers. Western Regional Archives. State Archives of North Carolina; Jacob Lawrence, In the Heart of the Black Belt: Cat Fish Row, 1947. “The Great Mississippi Delta begins in the lobby of the Peabody Hotel in Memphis, Tennesse, and ends on Cat Fish Row in Vicksburg, Mississippi.”-Folk Saying, Egg tempera on hardboard, 18 1/2 x 23 1/2 in. J. Harwood and Louise B. Cochrane Fund for American Art 2013.228; Jacob Lawrence, Creative Therapy, 1949, Casein tempera on paper, 22 x 30 in. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. Holden Fund, 1994.2; Stuart Davis, Egg Beater No. 4, 1928, Oil on canvas 27 1/8 x 38 1/4 in. The Phillips Collection, Acquired 1939 © Estate of Stuart Davis/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY; Ralph Ellison, 1961. National Archives and Records Administration, cataloged under the ARC Identifier 306-PSA-61-8989; Rosa Parks with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., c. 1955, National Archives and Records Administration Records of the US Information Agency Record Group 306; Operation Arkansas, Courtesy of the National Archives, September 20, 2007, Soldiers from the 101st Airborne Division escort the Little Rock Nine students into the all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Ark. By US Army; Jacob Lawrence, Struggle … From the History of the American People, No. 1: … Is Life so dear or peace so sweet as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?, 1955. Egg tempera on hardboard, 16 x 12 in. Private Collection of Harvey and Harvey-Ann Ross; Ronald Martin, Robert Patterson, and Mark Martin stage sit-down strike after being refused service at an F.W. Woolworth luncheon counter, Greensboro, NC, 1960 © New York World-Telegram and Sun Photograph Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-114749 (9-9); Jacob Lawrence with Nigerian children at M'Badi arts center demonstrating their skills on the “talking drums,” 1962; Warren Leffler, Civil Rights March on Washington, 1963. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, DC; President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the 1964 Civil Rights Act as Martin Luther King, Jr., and others, look on. Cecil Stoughton, White House Press Office; Jacob Lawrence, Street to Mbari, 1964, Tempera, gouache, and graphite on paper, 22 1/4 x 30 7/8 in. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. James T. Dyke; Malcolm X at Queens Court, 1964, Herman Hiller, World Telegram staff photographer, Library of Congress. New York World-Telegram and Sun Collection; Thurgood Marshall 1976, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division under the digital ID cph.3b07878; Sam Gilliam, Red Petals, 1967, Acrylic on canvas, 88 x 93 in. The Phillips Collection, Acquired 1967; Martin Luther King Jr., 1964, Dick DeMarsico, World Telegram staff photographer. Library of Congress, New York World-Telegram and Sun Collection; Jacob Lawrence, Munich Olympic Games, 1971, Tempera and gouache on paper, 39 7/8 x 28 15/16 in. Seattle Art Museum, Purchased with funds from PONCHO; Keynote address by Representative Barbara Jordan, Democratic National Convention, July 12, 1976, By Warren K. Leffler. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, DC; Mark Tobey, Mandarin and Flowers, 1973, Color lithograph on paper, 30 1/4 x 39 5/8 in. The Phillips Collection, Gift of Everett A. Lowe, Jr., 1978; Jacob Lawrence, Games, 1979, porcelain enamel on steel, 90 x 115 x 1 in., King County Public Art Program, Seattle, Photo: YaM Brand, From the Collection of King County, Washington. Courtesy of 4Culture; Jesse Jackson speaking during an interview in July 1, 1983, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division under the digital ID ppmsc.01277; Jacob Lawrence, Toussaint L'Ouverture Series #17: The Capture, 1987, Screenprint, 18 1/2 x 28 in. Gift of Amistad Research Center, 1987; Aerial view of marchers on the National Mall during the Million Man March, looking towards the Washington Monument, by Maureen Keating. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division